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HealthGrades patient safety study shows increase in hospital incidents, gaps among state, hospitals
Incidents cost medicare $9.3 billion over 3 years; patients at top-performing hospitals have 43 percent lower incidence of medical errors compared to worst; Minnesota,
ranked #1, is success story
Patient safety incidents in American hospitals grew from 1.18 million to 1.24 million among the 40 million hospitalizations covered under the Medicare program, and
incidents varied widely from state to state, and among the best and worst hospitals, according to a by HealthGrades, a leading healthcare ratings company.
"Overall we see the number of patient safety incidents in American hospitals continuing to increase, at an enormous cost, and we still see a large gap between the
incidence rates at the nation's top-performing and worst-performing hospitals," said Dr. Samantha Collier, HealthGrades vice president of medical affairs. "But we do find the results of
serious attempts to grapple with this issue in the success of top-performing hospitals and in progressive states like Minnesota."
The third HealthGrades Patient Safety in American Hospitals study, the largest annual study of its kind, also finds:
Differences Among Hospitals
- · Medicare patients going to hospitals ranked among the top 15 percent in terms of patient safety incidents had, on average, 43 percent lower incidence of patient
safety incidents compared to bottom-ranked hospitals
- · If all hospitals performed at the level of the top 15 percent, 280,134 fewer patient safety incidents and 44,153 fewer deaths among Medicare patients would have
occurred, saving $2.45 billion during the years 2002 through 2004
- · Of the 304,702 deaths that occurred among patients who developed one or more patient safety incidents, 250,246 were potentially preventable
- · Medicare beneficiaries experiencing one or more patient safety incidents had a one-in-four chance of dying during their hospitalization, a rate that is unchanged
since HealthGrades' first study
- Number and Cost of Patient Safety Incidents
- · Approximately 1.24 million total patient safety incidents occurred among the nearly 40 million hospitals under the Medicare program over the years 2002, 2003 and
2004. That compares with 1.18 million over the previous three-year period, and 1.14 million over the years 2000, 2001 and 2002
- · These patient safety incidents were associated with $9.3 billion in excess costs during the years 2002 to 2004
- State Rankings and Differences
- · Wide and highly significant gaps in patient safety incidence levels were discovered between the top-performing states and those at the bottom over the years 2002,
2003 and 2004
- · Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan and Kansas ranked as the top states for hospital patient safety
- · New Jersey, New York, Nevada, Tennessee and the District of Columbia ranked last
- · Medicare patients in the best state, Minnesota, had an almost 30 percent overall lower relative risk of developing one or more of the patient safety incidents,
compared with the worst state, New Jersey
- Trends in Patient Safety Incidents
- · The patient safety incidents with the highest prevalence continue to be failure to rescue, decubitus ulcer and post-operative sepsis
- · Failure to rescue improved over the study period, while post-operative sepsis worsened by almost 25 percent
- State Rankings The study ranked the nation's states in terms of the prevalence of patient safety incidents in each states' hospitals and are grouped as
performing better, as expected, or worse than expected to a statistically significant degree:
Performed Better Than Expected
1. Minnesota
2. Wisconsin
3. Iowa
4. Michigan
5. Kansas
6. Indiana
7. Ohio
8. Pennsylvania
9. South Dakota
10. North Dakota
11. Montana
12. Utah
13. Florida
14. Washington
15. Connecticut
16. Arizona
Performed As Expected
17. West Virginia
18. Idaho
19. Georgia
20. Maine
21. Illinois
22. Massachusetts
23. Colorado
24. Oklahoma
25. Wyoming
26. Oregon
27. Rhode Island
28. Louisiana
29. North Carolina
30. Missouri
31. Alabama
32. South Carolina
33. Delaware
34. Mississippi
35. Vermont
36. Alaska
37. New Hampshire
38. Texas
39. Virginia
40. Kentucky
41. Nebraska
Performed Worse Than Expected
42. California
43. Hawaii
44. Arkansas
45. Maryland
46. New Mexico
47. District of Columbia
48. Tennessee
49. Nevada
50. New York
51. New Jersey
Minnesota ranked first overall in this year's state ranking by HealthGrades, and in this state are progressive efforts to improve patient safety. While twenty-five
states now have some form of mandatory reporting of medical errors, Minnesota was the first state, in 2003, to legislate mandatory public reporting, using guidelines from the National Quality Forum.
Minnesota's Safest in America program allows competitive hospitals to work together to share data, highlight best practices and implement evidence-based, community-tested solutions. Of the eight
non-children's hospital systems participating in the Safest in America collaborative, four have hospitals that ranked in the top 15 percent in the national according to this study.
"Two of the patient-safety incidents found in the study to be among the most prevalent are failure to rescue and post-operative sepsis," continued Dr. Collier.
"Failure to rescue is the inability to save a hospitalized patient's life when that patient has acquired in the hospital a complication, such as when a patient admitted for a total knee
replacement develops pneumonia and dies. An example of post-operative sepsis is when an otherwise previously healthy patient is admitted for a total knee replacement and develops an overwhelming
bacterial bloodstream infection requiring potent antibiotics and other treatment resulting in a longer hospital stay and possibly death. Both of these are areas of focus for the most progressive
hospitals, who have developed successful ways of minimizing or eliminating deaths from these incidents."
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